Complex Types - 数组、字典、集合、枚举


在上一篇文章[【First Theme】](/blog/translate/build-chrome-extensions/first-theme)学习了创建第一个主题。

这篇文章学习创建一个新标签插件，类似如图：

![F2yKhw](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manonicu/pics@master/uPic/F2yKhw.jpg)

## 结构

```bash
mkdir new-tab-extension && cd new-tab-extension
```

将以下内容吸入`manifest.json`，这是任何浏览器扩展的主入口。

```json
{
  "manifest_version": 3,
  "version": "1.0",
  "name": "New Tab Extension",
  "description": "A demo first new tab experience",
  "action": {
    "default_icon": "icons/icon-48.png"
  },
  "icons": {
    "48": "icons/icon-48.png"
  },
  "chrome_url_overrides": {
    "newtab": "new-tab.html"
  }
}
```

新标签扩展插件的核心在于`chrome_url_overrides`，它告诉浏览器使用哪个页面打开新标签。

创建`new-tab.html`

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>DDT New Tab</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/style.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello world 👋</h1>
  </body>
</html>
```

```css
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
* {
  margin: 0;
}
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  line-height: 1.5;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background-color: rgb(238 242 255);
}
p,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 10vmin;
  color: rgb(218 0 96);
}
```

## 测试插件

![F2yKhw](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manonicu/pics@master/uPic/F2yKhw.jpg)


基于react、tailwindcss开发自己的chrome插件

Chrome插件开发 - 新标签


`Query String` 用于解析和格式化网址查询字符串。

## 使用

```js
const querystring = require('querystring') // querystring目前仍在开发中，不推荐使用，推荐使用`URLSearchParams`
```

## 方法

- `querystring.parse(str, sep, eq, options)`: 解析字符串为对象
- `querystring.stringify(obj, sep, eq, options)`: 格式化对象为字符串
- `querystring.escape(str)`: 转义字符串
- `querystring.unescape(str)`: 反转义字符串
- `querystring.decode(str)`: 解码字符串
- `querystring.encode(obj)`: 编码对象为字符串

querystring.parse

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const str = 'name=zfpx&age=6'
const obj = querystring.parse(str)
console.log(obj) // { name: 'zfpx', age: '6' }
```

querystring.stringify

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const obj = {name: 'zfpx', age: 6}
const str = querystring.stringify(obj)
console.log(str) // name=zfpx&age=6
```

querystring.escape

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const str = 'name=zfpx&age=6'
const str2 = querystring.escape(str)
console.log(str2) // name%3Dzfpx%26age%3D6
```

querystring.unescape

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const str = 'name%3Dzfpx%26age%3D6'
const str2 = querystring.unescape(str)
console.log(str2) // name=zfpx&age=6
```

querystring.decode

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const str = 'name=zfpx&age=6'
const obj = querystring.decode(str)
console.log(obj) // { name: 'zfpx', age: '6' }
```

querystring.encode

```js
const querystring = require('querystring')
const obj = {name: 'zfpx', age: 6}
const str = querystring.encode(obj)
console.log(str) // name=zfpx&age=6
```

[Node.js 官方文档](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html)


query string 用于解析和格式化网址查询字符串

Node.js - Query String


![Fkz8eJ](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manonicu/pics@master/uPic/Fkz8eJ.jpg)

## 前置条件

- Centos 8/Ubuntu 18.04/Debain 10
- 域名 xxx.com
- 域名解析到对应服务器

## Centos 8 安装 Certbot

### 加入 EPEL 软件源

```bash
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum -y update
```

### 下载并安装特定于 Certbot 和 web 服务器的包

```bash
sudo curl -O https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
sudo mv certbot-auto /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto
```

### 启动 Certbot

```bash
sudo /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto --nginx
```

### 启动 jenkins

```bash
sudo systemctl start jenkins
```

### 询问信息如下

```bash

# sudo /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
No names were found in your configuration files. Please enter in your domain
name(s) (comma and/or space separated)  (Enter 'c' to cancel): www.example.com
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for www.example.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
```

### 开启防火墙

```bash
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
```

## Ubuntu 18.04 安装 Certbot

### 安装 Certbot 和 web 服务器

```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx
```

### 开启防火墙

```bash
sudo systemctl start ufw && sudo systemctl enable ufw
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https
sudo ufw enable
```

## Debain 10 安装 Certbot

### 安装 Certbot 和 web 服务器

```bash
sudo apt install certbot python-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx
```

### 询问信息

```bash
# sudo certbot --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): admin@example.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: N
No names were found in your configuration files. Please enter in your domain
name(s) (comma and/or space separated)  (Enter 'c' to cancel): www.rajie.wiki
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for www.example.com
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
```

### 开启防火墙

```bash
sudo systemctl start ufw && sudo systemctl enable ufw
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https
sudo ufw enable
```


安装Certbot


## Hello world

```dart
void main() {
  print('Hello, World!');
}

// also

main() => print('Hello, World!');
```

## Values

```dart
main() {
  // Strings can be appended using +
  print("dart" + "lang");

  // Integers and Floats
  print("1+1=${1+1}");
  print("7.0/3.0 =${7.0/3.0}");

  // Booleans
  print(true && false);
  print(false || true);
  print(!true);
}

1+1=2
7.0/3.0 =2.3333333333333335
false
true
false
```

## Variables

```dart
main() {
  // Variables: Strings
  var name = 'Voyager I';
  var year = 1977;
  var antennaDiameter = 3.7;
  var flybyObjects = ['Jupiter', 'Saturn', 'Uranus', 'Neptune'];
  var image = {
    'tags': ['saturn'],
    'url': '//path/to/saturn.jpg'
  };

  // Variables: Numbers
  var one = int.parse('1');
  assert(one == 1);

  var onePointOne = double.parse('1.1');
  assert(onePointOne == 1.1);

  String oneAsString = 1.toString();
  assert(oneAsString == '1');

  String piAsString = 3.14159.toStringAsFixed(2);
  assert(piAsString == '3.14');

  // Variables: Booleans
  var fullName = '';
  assert(fullName.isEmpty);

  var hitPoints = 0;
  assert(hitPoints <= 0);

  var unicorn;
  assert(unicorn == null);

  var iMeantToDoThis = 0 / 0;
  assert(iMeantToDoThis.isNaN);
}
```

## Control flow statements

```dart
main() {
  // if and else
  if (isRaining()) {
    you.bringRainCoat();
  } else if (isSnowing()) {
    you.wearJacket();
  } else {
    car.putTopDown();
  }

  // for loops
  for (int month = 1; month <= 12; month++) {
    print(month);
  }

  // while and do-while
  while (!isDone()) {
    doSomething();
  }

  // break and continue
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i > 5) break;
    if (i % 2 == 0) continue;
    print(i);
  }

  // switch and case
  var command = 'OPEN';
  switch (command) {
    case 'CLOSED':
      executeClosed();
      break;
    case 'PENDING':
      executePending();
      break;
    case 'APPROVED':
      executeApproved();
      break;
    case 'DENIED':
      executeDenied();
      break;
    case 'OPEN':
      executeOpen();
      break;
    default:
      executeUnknown();
  }
}
```

## Exceptions

```dart
main() {
  try {
    breedMoreLlamas();
  } on OutOfLlamasException {
    buyMoreLlamas();
  } on Exception catch (e) {
    print('Unknown exception: $e');
  } catch (e) {
    print('Something really unknown: $e');
  } finally {
    cleanLlamaStalls();
  }
}
```

## List

```dart
main() {
  // Creating lists
  var list = [1, 2, 3];
  var list = [1, 2, 3];

  // Creating sets
  var halogens = {'fluorine', 'chlorine', 'bromine', 'iodine', 'astatine'};

  // Creating maps
  var gifts = {
    // Key:    Value
    'first': 'partridge',
    'second': 'turtledoves',
    'fifth': 'golden rings'
  };

  var nobleGases = {
    2: 'helium',
    10: 'neon',
    18: 'argon',
  };

  // Creating empty collections
  var gifts = Map();
  gifts['first'] = 'partridge';
  gifts['second'] = 'turtledoves';
  gifts['fifth'] = 'golden rings';

  var nobleGases = Map();
  nobleGases[2] = 'helium';
  nobleGases[10] = 'neon';
  nobleGases[18] = 'argon';
}
```

## Map

```dart
main() {
  // Creating maps
  var gifts = {
    // Key:    Value
    'first': 'partridge',
    'second': 'turtledoves',
    'fifth': 'golden rings'
  };

  var nobleGases = {
    2: 'helium',
    10: 'neon',
    18: 'argon',
  };

  // Creating empty collections
  var gifts = Map();
  gifts['first'] = 'partridge';
  gifts['second'] = 'turtledoves';
  gifts['fifth'] = 'golden rings';

  var nobleGases = Map();
  nobleGases[2] = 'helium';
  nobleGases[10] = 'neon';
  nobleGases[18] = 'argon';
}
```

## Set

```dart
main() {
  // Creating sets
  var halogens = {'fluorine', 'chlorine', 'bromine', 'iodine', 'astatine'};

  // Creating empty collections
  var halogens = Set();
  halogens.add('fluorine');
  halogens.add('chlorine');
  halogens.add('bromine');
  halogens.add('iodine');
  halogens.add('astatine');
}
```

## Queue

```dart
main() {
  // Creating queues
  var q = Queue();
  q.add(1);
  q.add(2);
  q.add(3);
  q.removeFirst();
  q.removeLast();
}
```

## Functions

```dart
// Optional parameters
String say(String from, String msg, [String device]) {
  var result = '$from says $msg';
  if (device != null) {
    result = '$result with a $device';
  }
  return result;
}

// Named parameters
void enableFlags({bool bold, bool hidden}) {...}

// Anonymous functions
var list = ['apples', 'bananas', 'oranges'];
list.forEach((item) {
  print('${list.indexOf(item)}: $item');
});

// Lexical scope
bool topLevel = true;

void main() {
  var insideMain = true;

  void myFunction() {
    var insideFunction = true;

    void nestedFunction() {
      var insideNestedFunction = true;

      assert(topLevel);
      assert(insideMain);
      assert(insideFunction);
      assert(insideNestedFunction);
    }
  }
}
```

## Constants

```dart
// Final and const
final name = 'Bob'; // Without a type annotation
final String nickname = 'Bobby';
final time = DateTime.now();

const bar = 1000000; // Unit of pressure (dynes/cm2)
const double atm = 1.01325 * bar; // Standard atmosphere

// Valid compile-time constants as of Dart 2.5.
const Object i = 3; // Where i is a const Object with an int value...
const list = [i as int]; // Use a typecast.
const map = {if (i is int) i: "int"}; // Use is and collection if.
const set = {if (list is List<int>) ...list}; // ...and a spread.
```

## Static

```dart
class Queue {
  static const initialCapacity = 16;
  // ···
}

main() {
  assert(Queue.initialCapacity == 16);
}
```

## Classes

```dart
class Point {
  double x;
  double y;

  Point(this.x, this.y);

  Point.fromJson(Map<String, double> json) {
    x = json['x'];
    y = json['y'];
  }

  Map<String, double> toJson() => {
        'x': x,
        'y': y,
      };
}

main() {
  var p = Point(2, 2);
  var p = Point.fromJson({'x': 1, 'y': 2});

  print(p.x);
  print(p.toJson());
}
```

## Initializer Lists

```dart
class Point {
  final num x;
  final num y;
  final num distanceFromOrigin;

  Point(x, y)
      : x = x,
        y = y,
        distanceFromOrigin = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
```

## Getters and Setters

```dart
class Rectangle {
  num left, top, width, height;

  Rectangle(this.left, this.top, this.width, this.height);

  // Define two calculated properties: right and bottom.
  num get right => left + width;
  set right(num value) => left = value - width;
  num get bottom => top + height;
  set bottom(num value) => top = value - height;
}

main() {
  var rect = Rectangle(3, 4, 20, 15);
  assert(rect.left == 3);
  rect.right = 12;
  assert(rect.left == -8);
}
```

## Inheritance

```dart
class Television {
  void turnOn() {
    _illuminateDisplay();
    _activateIrSensor();
  }
  // ···
}

class SmartTelevision extends Television {
  void turnOn() {
    super.turnOn();
    _bootNetworkInterface();
    _initializeMemory();
    _upgradeApps();
  }
  // ···
}
```

## Mixins

```dart
class Musician extends Performer with Musical {
  // ···
}

class Maestro extends Person
    with Musical, Aggressive, Demented {
  Maestro(String maestroName) {
    name = maestroName;
    canConduct = true;
  }
}
```

## Libraries

```dart
// Importing libraries
import 'dart:html';
import 'package:test/test.dart';

// Exporting libraries
export 'src/error.dart';
export 'src/foo.dart' show foo;
export 'src/bar.dart' hide foo;
```

## Pub

```dart
// pubspec.yaml
name: project_name
description: A sample web application

dependencies:
  browser: any
  polymer: ^1.0.0-rc.16

dev_dependencies:
  test: any
```

## Comments

```dart
// This is a normal, one-line comment.

/// This is a documentation comment, used to document libraries,

/* This is a block comment
   on multiple lines. */

/// This is a documentation comment used to document
/// a class. The [Dog] class is your best friend. */
class Dog {
  /// Declares the number of bones a [Dog] needs to be happy
  int bonesNeeded;
}
```

## Futures

```dart
main() {
  Future<String> lookUpVersion() async => '1.0.0';

  Future checkVersion() async {
    var version = await lookUpVersion();
    // Do something with version
  }
}
```

## Streams

```dart
main() {
  Stream<String> timedCounter(Duration interval, int maxCount) async* {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < maxCount) {
      await Future.delayed(interval);
      yield 'tick $i';
      i++;
    }
  }

  Stream<String> timedCounter(Duration interval, int maxCount) async* {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < maxCount) {
      await Future.delayed(interval);
      yield 'tick $i';
      i++;
    }
  }
}
```

## Iterators

```dart
main() {
  // Iterating over a list
  var collection = [0, 1, 2];
  for (var x in collection) {
    print(x); // 0 1 2
  }

  // Iterating over a map
  var collection = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3};
  collection.forEach((k, v) => print('$k: $v')); // a: 1 b: 2 c: 3
}
```

## Iterables

```dart
main() {
  // Iterating over iterables
  var collection = [1, 2, 3];
  collection.map((x) => x * 2).forEach(print); // 2 4 6

  // Iterating over iterables
  var collection = [1, 2, 3];
  collection.map((x) => x * 2).forEach(print); // 2 4 6
}
```

## Async / Await

```dart
main() {
  // Async
  Future<String> lookUpVersion() async => '1.0.0';

  // Await
  Future checkVersion() async {
    var version = await lookUpVersion();
    // Do something with version
  }
}
```

## Sync\*(Generators)

```dart
main() {
  // Sync*
  Iterable<int> naturalsTo(int n) sync* {
    int k = 0;
    while (k < n) yield k++;
  }

  // Yield*
  Iterable<int> naturalsDownFrom(int n) sync* {
    if (n > 0) {
      yield n;
      yield* naturalsDownFrom(n - 1);
    }
  }
}
```

## Async\*

```dart
main() {
  // Async*
  Stream<String> timedCounter(Duration interval, int maxCount) async* {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < maxCount) {
      await Future.delayed(interval);
      yield 'tick $i';
      i++;
    }
  }
}
```

## Await For

```dart
main() {
  // Await for
  Future main() async {
    var stream = asynchronousNaturalsTo(5);
    await for (var value in stream) {
      print(value);
    }
  }
}
```

## Yield\*

```dart
main() {
  // Yield*
  Iterable<int> naturalsDownFrom(int n) sync* {
    if (n > 0) {
      yield n;
      yield* naturalsDownFrom(n - 1);
    }
  }
}
```

## Zones

```dart
main() {
  // Zones
  runZoned(() {
    // Code here executes in its own zone.
  }, onError: (e) {
    // Code here executes if an exception is thrown in the "runZoned" code.
  });
}
```

## Microtasks

```dart
main() {
  // Microtasks
  scheduleMicrotask(() => print('Hello, World!'));
}
```

## Isolates

```dart
main() {
  // Isolates
  Isolate.spawn(echo, 'Hello, World!');
}

echo(msg) {
  print(msg);
}
```

## Http Server

```dart
import 'dart:io';

main() async {
  var server = await HttpServer.bind(
    InternetAddress.loopbackIPv4,
    4040,
  );
  await for (HttpRequest request in server) {
    request.response.write('Hello, world!');
    await request.response.close();
  }
}
```

## Http Requests

```dart
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

main() async {
  var url = 'https://example.com/whatsit/create';
  var response = await http.post(url, body: {'name': 'doodle', 'color': 'blue'});
  print('Response status: ${response.statusCode}');
  print('Response body: ${response.body}');
}
```


Dart by example


CSS 函数是一种可以接受参数并返回值的特殊类型的 CSS 值。CSS 函数可以用来计算、操作和转换属性值，使得开发者能够更方便地控制页面的样式和布局。以下是一些常见的 CSS 函数及其用途：

- calc()：用于在 CSS 中进行数学计算。例如，可以使用 calc() 函数将两个长度值相加，以便在布局时动态计算宽度或高度。
- var()：用于设置自定义属性值。可以在一个地方设置变量的值，然后在文档中的其他地方使用 var() 函数引用它们。
- rgb() 和 rgba()：用于设置颜色值。rgb() 函数使用红、绿、蓝三个参数来定义颜色，而 rgba() 函数则在此基础上增加了一个透明度参数，用于设置颜色的不透明度。
- hsl() 和 hsla()：类似于 rgb() 和 rgba()，但是使用的是色调、饱和度和亮度来定义颜色。
- url()：用于在 CSS 中引用外部资源，例如图像、字体或音频文件。可以将 url() 函数用作属性值，以指定需要加载的文件的路径和名称。
- attr()：用于在 CSS 中访问 HTML 元素的属性值。可以将 attr() 函数用作属性值，以从 HTML 元素中提取属性值并将其应用于样式。
- min() 和 max()：用于确定给定值的最小值和最大值。这些函数可以用于计算长度、宽度和其他尺寸相关的值。


## 函数选择器

CSS 函数选择器是一种特殊的选择器，它可以根据元素的属性值来匹配元素。函数选择器的语法如下：

```css
.post :is(h1, h2, h3) {
	line-height: 1.2;
}
```

其中，selector 是一个 CSS 选择器，function 是一个 CSS 函数。函数选择器的作用是，当元素的属性值与函数的返回值相匹配时，就会应用选择器中的样式。

## 自定义变量

CSS 自定义属性（Custom Properties）是一种特殊的属性，它可以用来定义变量。自定义属性的语法如下：

```css
:root {
  --main-color: #f00;
}

.my-element {
	background: var(--main-color);
}
```

其中，--main-color 是自定义属性的名称，#f00 是自定义属性的值。自定义属性的名称必须以两个连字符开头，然后是一个或多个字母、数字或连字符。自定义属性的值可以是任何有效的 CSS 值，包括颜色、长度、百分比、URL、函数等。

## attr() 函数

attr() 函数用于在 CSS 中访问 HTML 元素的属性值。可以将 attr() 函数用作属性值，以从 HTML 元素中提取属性值并将其应用于样式。

```html
<a href="https://www.w3school.com.cn" class="my-link">W3School</a>
```

```css
.my-link {
  color: attr(href);
}
```

上面的代码中，attr() 函数用于获取 a 元素的 href 属性值，并将其作为颜色值。由于 a 元素的 href 属性值为 https://www.w3school.com.cn，因此 a 元素的颜色为蓝色。

## color() 函数

color() 函数用于在 CSS 中定义颜色。color() 函数的语法如下：

```css
color(<color-value> [ / <alpha-value> ]? )
```

其中，color-value 是颜色值，alpha-value 是透明度值。color-value 可以是以下任意一种：

- 十六进制颜色值，例如 #f00、#ff0000 或 #ff0000ff。
- RGB 颜色值，例如 rgb(255, 0, 0) 或 rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)。
- HSL 颜色值，例如 hsl(0, 100%, 50%) 或 hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 1)。
- 颜色关键字，例如 red、green 或 blue。

alpha-value 是一个介于 0 和 1 之间的数值，用于设置颜色的不透明度。如果省略 alpha-value，则默认值为 1。

## calc() 函数

calc() 函数用于在 CSS 中进行数学计算。例如，可以使用 calc() 函数将两个长度值相加，以便在布局时动态计算宽度或高度。

```css
.my-element {
  width: calc(100% - 20px);
}
```

上面的代码中，calc() 函数用于计算 100% 减去 20px 的值，然后将结果作为宽度值。由于 100% 减去 20px 的值为 80%，因此 .my-element 元素的宽度为 80%。

## min() 和 max() 函数

min() 和 max() 函数用于确定给定值的最小值和最大值。这些函数可以用于计算长度、宽度和其他尺寸相关的值。

```css
.my-element {
  width: min(100%, 200px);
}
```

上面的代码中，min() 函数用于计算 100% 和 200px 两个值的最小值，然后将结果作为宽度值。由于 100% 和 200px 两个值的最小值为 100%，因此 .my-element 元素的宽度为 100%。

## clamp() 函数

clamp() 函数用于限制给定值的范围。clamp() 函数的语法如下：

```css
clamp(<min>, <value>, <max>)
```

其中，min 是最小值，value 是给定值，max 是最大值。clamp() 函数的作用是，如果给定值小于最小值，则返回最小值；如果给定值大于最大值，则返回最大值；否则，返回给定值。

```css
.my-element {
  width: clamp(100px, 50%, 200px);
}
```

上面的代码中，clamp() 函数用于限制 50% 的值的范围，使其不小于 100px，也不大于 200px。由于 50% 的值为 50px，因此 .my-element 元素的宽度为 100px。

## 图形函数

CSS 图形函数用于在 CSS 中定义图形。CSS 图形函数的语法如下：

```css
<shape>(<shape-box> [, <shape-box>]*)
```

其中，shape 是图形函数的名称，shape-box 是图形函数的参数。shape-box 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：inset、circle、ellipse、polygon、path。
- 坐标值：top、right、bottom、left、center、x-start、x-end、y-start、y-end、length、percentage。
- 关键字值：content-box、padding-box、border-box、margin-box。

## 变形函数

CSS 变形函数用于在 CSS 中定义变形。CSS 变形函数的语法如下：

```css
<transform-function>(<transform-argument> [, <transform-argument>]*)
```

其中，transform-function 是变形函数的名称，transform-argument 是变形函数的参数。transform-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：none、matrix、matrix3d、translate、translate3d、translateX、translateY、translateZ、scale、scale3d、scaleX、scaleY、scaleZ、rotate、rotate3d、rotateX、rotateY、rotateZ、skew、skewX、skewY、perspective。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。

## 过渡函数

CSS 过渡函数用于在 CSS 中定义过渡。CSS 过渡函数的语法如下：

```css
<transition-timing-function>(<transition-timing-function-argument> [, <transition-timing-function-argument>]*)
```

其中，transition-timing-function 是过渡函数的名称，transition-timing-function-argument 是过渡函数的参数。transition-timing-function-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：linear、ease、ease-in、ease-out、ease-in-out、step-start、step-end、steps、cubic-bezier。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。

## 过滤函数

CSS 过滤函数用于在 CSS 中定义过滤。CSS 过滤函数的语法如下：

```css
<filter-function>(<filter-argument> [, <filter-argument>]*)
```

其中，filter-function 是过滤函数的名称，filter-argument 是过滤函数的参数。filter-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：blur、brightness、contrast、drop-shadow、grayscale、hue-rotate、invert、opacity、saturate、sepia。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。

## 混合模式函数

CSS 混合模式函数用于在 CSS 中定义混合模式。CSS 混合模式函数的语法如下：

```css
<blend-mode>(<blend-mode-argument> [, <blend-mode-argument>]*)
```

其中，blend-mode 是混合模式函数的名称，blend-mode-argument 是混合模式函数的参数。blend-mode-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：normal、multiply、screen、overlay、darken、lighten、color-dodge、color-burn、hard-light、soft-light、difference、exclusion、hue、saturation、color、luminosity。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。

## 生成内容函数

CSS 生成内容函数用于在 CSS 中定义生成内容。CSS 生成内容函数的语法如下：

```css
<content-function>(<content-argument> [, <content-argument>]*)
```

其中，content-function 是生成内容函数的名称，content-argument 是生成内容函数的参数。content-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：attr、counter、counters、open-quote、close-quote、no-open-quote、no-close-quote。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。

## 计数器函数

CSS 计数器函数用于在 CSS 中定义计数器。CSS 计数器函数的语法如下：

```css
<counter-function>(<counter-argument> [, <counter-argument>]*)
```

其中，counter-function 是计数器函数的名称，counter-argument 是计数器函数的参数。counter-argument 可以是以下任意一种：

- 关键字值：counter、counters。
- 数值：number、length、percentage、angle。



css - Functions


![YyhZzD](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manonicu/pics@master/uPic/YyhZzD.jpg)

## 向浏览器扩展添加可选项

打开`manifest.json`，添加 options 选项，注册选项页面。

```json
{
  "options_ui": {
    "page": "options.html",
    "open_in_tab": false
  }
}
```

创建`options.html`

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>DDT Pop-up</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/style.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="options"></div>
    <script type="module" src="src/options/index.jsx"></script>
  </body>
</html>
```

修改`src/index.jsx`

```jsx
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import {App} from './App'

const app = document.getElementById('options')
ReactDOM.render(<App />, app)
```

修改`src/App.jsx`

```jsx
import {useState} from 'react'

export function App() {
  const [color, setColor] = useState('indigo')

  chrome.storage.sync.get('color', (storedColor) => {
    setColor(storedColor.color)
  })

  const pickColor = (pickedValue) => {
    setColor(pickedValue)
    chrome.storage.sync.set({color: pickedValue})
    window.close()
  }

  return (
    <div className="m-4">
      <select
        onChange={(event) => pickColor(event.target.value)}
        value={color}
        className="block w-full p-4 text-sm text-gray-900 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg bg-gray-50 focus:ring-indigo-500 focus:border-indigo-500 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:border-gray-600 dark:placeholder-gray-400 dark:text-white dark:focus:ring-indigo-500 dark:focus:border-indigo-500"
      >
        <option>Pick a color</option>
        <option value="indigo">Indigo</option>
        <option value="pink">Pink</option>
        <option value="purple">Purple</option>
        <option value="red">Red</option>
      </select>
    </div>
  )
}
```

修改`vite.config.js`，多页面打包配置

```js
import {defineConfig} from 'vite'
const {resolve} = require('path')
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [react()],
  build: {
    rollupOptions: {
      input: {
        main: resolve(__dirname, 'index.html'),
        options: resolve(__dirname, 'options.html')
      }
    }
  }
})
```

最终效果如下：

<video
  src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manonicu/pics@master/uPic/options_zuppir.webm"
  autoPlay
></video>

## Source Code

[【Source Code】](https://github.com/rebelchris/popup-extension/tree/options)
